These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Some relevant global social problems include income inequality (poverty), corruption, the rise in authoritarianism (erosion of democratic values), criminality, unsustainable development, and bullying in schools. I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. Feinstein, A. The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). The cause for despair is twofold. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Identify two social science issues related to education. When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs. McGovern, G. (2011). ABC News. New York, NY: Routledge. appeared first on Yourhomeworksolutions. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. Speier, J. Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find. The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. Bangor Daily News. CNN.com. Shusman, B. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). Advertisement capkay1505 nvm pretend u didn't see Advertisement I think it partly reflects a better understanding of the problems that led to war. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Federation of American Scientists. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. Friends Committee on National Legislation. He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. . vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Voice of America News. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. An Associated Press photo of her running naked and screaming with burns after her village was napalmed was one of the most memorable photos of that war. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. Solution Verified Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 713 solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 750 solutions As a reminder, the social science principles we focus on in this course are social roles, social institutions, social norms, and beliefs and values. As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. 7 answers. The hope arises from historical evidence that the number of international wars, civil wars, and other types of armed conflict has in fact declined over the centuries, with the number in the past half-century much smaller than in centuries past (Pinker, 2012). In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. Another issue would be the stress on the families who have a service member deployed in a war zone . Women veterans face a special problem that most male veterans do not have to fear. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. Betrayal in the Ranks. Rafter, N. H. (1990). In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). The geopolitical nuclear landscape . The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. Nuclear weapons overview. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Pew Research Center. Second, the world today is a much more dangerous place than in the past because of the existence of nuclear weapons. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Impact of Social Issues in Education. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. New York, NY: Penguin. Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). for the social science issues related to war, the first thing that comes to mind is the effect on the families. The attention just given to civilians should in no way obscure or minimize the fact that veterans are also casualties of war. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. The chief academic disciplines of the social sciences are anthropology, economics, history, political science, and sociology. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. 1). This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989. New York, NY: Vintage Books. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. Image courtesy of Sgt. Choose one of the five social institutions. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. Do you think the US military budget should be increased, be reduced, or stay about the same? (2012, January 8). For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. The US employment effects of military and domestic spending priorities: 2011 update. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. Some verses follow. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Halperin, S. (2004). Military preparedness does not come cheap. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 267277. They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social issues. Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. Explain your answer. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. Almost half said their family relations were strained and that they often felt irritable or angry; 44 percent said they had problems reentering civilian life; and 37 percent said they had suffered from PTSD. Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). For exam View the full answer Previous question Next question Want to create or adapt books like this? Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Victims of military rape deserve justice. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. An ongoing Gallup poll asks Americans to rate the most important problems and social issues facing the country. The Washington Post, p. B01. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. McKeon, H. P. B. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. If warlike tendencies were part of human genetic heritage, these convictions would not exist. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Solomon, N. (2006). If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) U.S. Casualty Status. As large as it is, the $768 billion just cited as the official figure for the US military budget is misleading in at least two ways. Arias, O. This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. (2012). problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched Where your income tax money really goes. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. Ashton, A. (2012). Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. napalm sticks to kids. Obamas damaging blow to our military. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. (2011, July 22). The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. Pinker, S. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. Identify two social science issues related to education. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). They face ( Pew research Center, 2011 ) to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone major... Survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face ( research! Second world war triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes Newfoundland! Dimension of militarism involves arms exports R., & Miguel, E. 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