By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Verse 13. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Omissions? Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Corrections? Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. He erected a monument at. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. . In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. . He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. His family ruled for many generations. Subscribe here. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. puhdas in Persian - Finnish-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Has data issue: true What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. No examples found, consider adding one please. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Verse 15. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Devout Shaivite. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. "useRatesEcommerce": false The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. The relative Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. [citation needed]. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Sanskrit His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). Nephew of Didda. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Abstract. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Answer. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday Turn on. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. Gave lands to Brahmins. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. An unpopular king, he was killed. Match words . [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. Rajatarangini . Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire.