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Specific Gravity = (Weight A / Weight B) Density = (Weight A / Weight B) * 0.9976 g/cm3 %PDF-1.4 % Whether your business is local or global, we can help to ensure that your products meet quality, health, environmental, safety, and social accountability standards for virtually any market around the world. 0000151051 00000 n The purpose was to provide a consistent national system to facilitate recycling of post-consumer plastics." Polyacronitrile 1.17 Technical name - High-Density Polyethylene its an incredible resistant resin used for grocery bags, milk jugs, recycling bins, agricultural pipe, but also playground equipment, lids, and shampoo bottles among others. Some manufacturers may consider testing and certification an obstacle to overcome to get to market. 0000146514 00000 n WebDensity of Plastics Density is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by the volume and is normally expressed in g/cm3. Beam Deflections and Stress warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with Copyright 2000 - 2023 United States Plastic Corporation. PA-6 1.12-1.13 Some elements may not work properly. 0000133447 00000 n ), Copyright 2000 - Hard and sturdy, it can withstand high temperatures and is found in tupperwares, car parts, thermal vests, yogurt containers, and even disposable diapers. So youve narrowed down what material you need thanks to our Learn More About your Plastic Sheet series - now its time to download a data sheet and take a look at the performance attributes of our materials. Health effects vary depending on the resin and plasticizers in this plastic that often At Plastics For Change, we are giving second life to discarded plastic numbers 1,2,4, and 5 and re-use them for the creation of various different products while cleaning our oceans! 0000015048 00000 n 0000012608 00000 n Learn More, Validating the specifications, value and safety of your raw materials, products and assets. One of the most basic differences between varieties, however, can be found in how much they weigh. 0000005504 00000 n 0000145640 00000 n Our Polycarbonate sheet offers a levelof safety that no other clear glazing material can match. Example: A gallon of oil weighs 9.5 lbs per gallon9.5 lbs / 8 = 1.187 specific gravity. Heres a brief recap of what we have learned so far: We hope this blog post has provided some clarity about the differences among all these plastic types. 0000005093 00000 n Finishing and Plating ,unv . 0000142860 00000 n WebMinerals and other Materials - Specific Gravities Specific gravities for minerals and other materials. Plastic Material: Density & Specific Gravity PA66, 1.13 - 1.15 PA66 + 30% GF, 1.37 PA66 + 30% MF, 1.35 - 1.38 PA66 IM, 1.05 - 1.10. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. The most widely used member of the vinyl family, PVC is excellent when used for corrosion-resistant tanks, ducts, fume hoods and pipe. Now They Want Plastics To Be Heavy WebSpecific gravity is a measure of the ratio of mass of a given volume of material at 23C to the same volume of deionized water. can be special ordered. Fluid. The solid wood density may be determined using the green volume, 0000172297 00000 n Density of Plastics Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. JPS61293237A - Electroconductive filler - Google Patents 0000153750 00000 n Available in a range of sizes these trays have many industrial uses. 7 0 obj<> endobj xref 7 103 0000000016 00000 n 0000175797 00000 n : The units cancel out in the ratio. WebPURPOSE: The title filler having a low specific gravity and excellent affinity for plastics and retention of electric conductivity, prepared by applying a metallic coating to the surface of an isotactic polyolefin powder or particle etched in the presence of a specified chemical agent. 6, Sec. Polyethylene terephtalate 1.34-1.39 Polymers typically have a benchmark density that can offer an approximate value of what the density of a particular material can be expected to be. The specific gravity of plastic is the ratio of the density of plastic to that of a reference substance (Usually water). Viscosity Chart. Flat Plate Stress Calcs As usual, remember to opt for reusable alternatives to plastic, to avoid purchasing the dangerous types and recycle as much as possible the types of plastic that you can! View Cart. HDPE 0.96-0.97 Portions throughout the same sample may also differ in density due to differences in crystallinity, thermal history, porosity, or changes to the material composition, such as the addition of a filler or pigment. Despite its many advantages and efforts made by the plastic industry to increase its reusability, PVC is still hardly recyclable and should therefore be avoided, whenever possible. Structural Shapes Put theplastic specific gravityin perspective! 0000135081 00000 n Videos Design Manufacture Easy for Beginner: Plastic Material Identification by Buoyancy Test, How to Identify Plastic Materials by Burn Test Accurately, No.98, Ln. Specific . The member-related functions have been closed due to the deactivation of cookies. 1 gallon of water weighs 8.33 lbs. The density of water is 1.0 g/mL at room temperature, so the specific gravity is equal to the density of the object expressed without a unit. Specific gravity (S.G.) is a measure of the relative density of a substance as compared to the density of water at a standard temperature. 0000008409 00000 n Bearing Apps, Specs & Data 0000149107 00000 n Polystyrene is the sixth type of plastic on the list and it can be solid or foamed. In the next blog post, we will explain which of these plastic types can be recycled and which not, so stick around! Specific Gravity Table Chart and Equation - Engineers Edge 0000176664 00000 n Downloads Plastic (CR-39) and Crown Glass are considered base index with indices of 1.498 and 1.52 respectively. Electric Motor Alternators 1 cm3 water weighs 1 g (as mentioned, density of water is 1g/cm3), and 1cm3 aluminum weighs 2.7 g (the density is 2.7 g/cm3), thus specific gravity of aluminum is 2.7 1 = 2.7 (which has the same value with density), **Tip: To look it up efficiently, mobile phone viewer, please use site searching, computer viewer, please use "Ctrl + F"**, Remarks: Glass Fiber (GF), Carbon Fiber (CF), Mineral Fiber (MF), Impact Modified (IM), Low Friction (LF), Talc Filled (TF), Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE), Density of Chemical Additives forInjection Molding. 0000173123 00000 n We carry carry hose barb fittings in a variety of materials suitable for all sorts of applications. 0000004435 00000 n Gravity: Viscosity CPS How do you Measure Specific Gravity? | U.S. Plastic Feedback Advertising 0000160831 00000 n With a smooth, matte finish, expanded PVC sheets provide the great surface for graphic overlays.

, Sign up for A&C Plastics Updates, Promotions. If youve ever felt this way after reviewing a material data sheet, then this next Impact Plastics Blog series focused on Understanding your Data Sheet is for you. This may also be referred to as relative density. 0000130285 00000 n

Vivak Sheet has become a staple in the point-of-purchase industry due to its economic advantages compared to polycarbonate and superior impact strength over acrylic. dixonvalve.com. Specific Gravity means specific value of an object under normal temperature and pressure. Learn More, Evaluating how your products and services meet and exceed quality, safety, sustainability and performance standards. Definition: Density v.s. 0000124088 00000 n This website uses cookies to collect necessary user browsing behaviors so that we can provide you with a better browsing experience. Continue reading to learn more! 0000171239 00000 n United States Plastic Corp. and while we endeavor to keep the information up to date and correct, we make no representations or Hydraulics Pneumatics One of the ASTM test methods for plastic commonly seen on data sheets is the test for Density and Specific Gravity (SG). In fact, not only can plastic be found in a variety of different shapes and colors, but also in many different types. Sg = Specific Gravity of the substance 0000072608 00000 n 0000009713 00000 n 0000127802 00000 n 0000002775 00000 n of plastic Density and Specific Gravity ASTM D792, ISO 1183 - Intertek Density of Plastics: Technical Properties. Density measures the mass per unit volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by the volume and is normally expressed in g/cm 3. The density of a plastic sample may change due to change in crystallinity, loss of plasticizers, absorption of solvent, etc. Our network of more than 1,000 laboratories and offices in more than 100 countries, delivers innovative and bespoke Assurance, Testing, Inspection and Certification solutions for our customers' operations and supply chains. 0000149962 00000 n 0000003888 00000 n Vibration Engineering LLDPE 0.91-0.94 With superior resistance to discoloration, impact, and chemicals, acrylic plexiglass sheet is ideal for any application. Intertek is the industry leader with employees in 1,000 locations in over 100 countries. This information can be used to tell whether plastic Specific gravity and density are especially relevant because plastic is sold on a cost per pound basis and a lower density or specific gravity means more material per pound or varied part weight. There are two basic test procedures- Method A and Method B. The more common being Method A, can be used with sheet, rod, tube and molded articles. In fact, PET bottles arethe most widelyrecycled plasticin the world! You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Bad0Ai2qe5a>/=Amk.uB^Hfd]hG!+lqqTDlz!" However, various factors can affect density such as crystallinity, loss of plasticizer or absorption of solvent. This test is often seen with the designation ASTM D792. PA-12 1.02 Urine normally has a specific gravity between 1.003 and 1.035. trailer <<76879325294511da977e001124da1668>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 9 0 obj<>stream 0000124911 00000 n 0000154762 00000 n Mechanical Tolerances Specs 3t6/8lM2-lA HVAC Systems Calcs the molded piece as compared to the weight of an equal volume of water It comes in two basic forms: rigid and flexible. Plastics that belong to group number one are made out ofpolyethylene terephthalate or PET. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! All prices and offers subject to change. 0000102892 00000 n Plastic Corp. carries an excellent selection of spray bottles perfect for cleaning. We don't collect information from our users. Now we need a minimum of 6.16 x 1.28 or 7.88 oz of shot capacity. 0000138434 00000 n Due to the different density of plastic, we can easily identify different plastics by "Buoyancy Test", for more information, please check out in related articles. Do you have a packaging idea and need some guidance on which material is best? Polytetrafluorethylene 2.27, Working Days & hours Details for Alfa Plast Mould, Alfa Plast Mould 2008 | All Rights Reserved. Perhaps better known by its commercial name Styrofoam its highly inflammable and dangerous as it can leach harmful chemicals, especially when heated (which often happens because, as its found in disposable take-out containers, people oftentimes microwave it to heat up the food inside it). Though some manufacturers use grams per cubic centimeter to indicate the weight of their products, others merely provide the specific gravity of their material. 0000117111 00000 n Polychloroprene rubber 1.23 Specific GravityDensity and specific gravity sound quite similar, some even say that they are synonyms; however, they are actually not the same, below we are going to introduce the differences of them.What's the meaning of "Density"?Density ismass or weight of a substance per unit volumeundernormal temperature and pressure. So, keep reading! Solid Density vs. Melt Density 0000086690 00000 n It is common to use the In this next blog series we will explore ASTM tests commonly found on material data sheets for thermoplastic resins, starting with density and specific gravity. The specimen is weighed first in air (Weight A), and then weighed when immersed in distilled water at 23C (Weight B). 0000014066 00000 n Cleaning & Industrial U.S. Blood normally has a specific gravity of ~1.060. In its rigid form, PVC is largely used in the building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles and pipes (drinking and wastewater). Its usually picked up through most curbside recycling programs and has a tremendously positive track record! Applications and Design Acrylic doesn't have as much impact resistance as polycarbonate; polycarbonate's tensile strength is greater than that of PVC; PVC's heat deflection abilities are lesser than Vivak's; and so on, and so on. It is mostly used for food and drink packaging purposes due to its strong ability to prevent oxygen from getting in and spoiling the product inside. Fun fact: because it is VERY resistant to fatigue, PP is usually used for living hinges (the thin piece ofplastic that allows a part of a product to fold or bend from 1 to 180 degrees). SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The ratio of the weight of Thermodynamics Directory | Heat Transfer Directory, Specific Gravity Table Chart and Equation. **Ji-Horng Plastic is a leading plastic injection molding manufacturer since 1986, for more information, please contact us!**. Polystyrene 1.05 Specific Mass Versus The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an organization that defines and sets standards to ensure good quality and workmanship. This information can be used to tell whether plastic will float (or sink) if dropped in water (Buoyancy). Second, polystyrene foam blows in the wind and floats on water, due to its low specific gravity. These Thermo Scientific Nalgene bottles are lightweight versions of lab-quality bottles and can perform light-duty, general purpose work. or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of materials, time or profits arising out of, Physics Plastics have a really wide specific gravity range depending on its composition. Other custom sizes of trays, special partitions, flanges, outlets, etc. Understanding Your Data Sheet: Density & Specific 0000158889 00000 n Thermodynamics I'm Gelson Luz, mechanical engineer, welding specialist and passionate about: I am building this blog to be the best learning blog about engineering! Specific Gravity Of Plastic 0000016671 00000 n 0000167357 00000 n WebSpecific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of the same volume of water. If you are interested in knowing more about what we do, click here. in various applications. 0000170169 00000 n Polymethylpentene 0.83 0000134268 00000 n The weight will appear in both metric and common US units. 0000177508 00000 n 9;-h3UR{SD bD=NSH3)0lefD}n 81 c+0!o XFu#N/? Typical properties of some common thermoplastics: For full table with Thermal Conductivity, Specific Heat and Maximum Temperature Limit - rotate the screen! The lower the density or SG of a particular material, the more material per pound or surface area you will get. One of the most commonly used plastics, our heavy duty acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS sheeting, has a high impact resistance and durability to be used for automotive, printing, and display applications. First, we have to know that the formula of density is: As formula shown, density is total mass of the object divided by total volume of object, which means: 1 gram per cubic centimetre or 1 kilogram per cubic metre.Density of water is1 gram per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm3), but actually, the exact density of water is not really 1 g/cm3, but rather a bit less (very, very little less) than 1, so we can say thatgenerally the weight and volume of water is the same.What's the meaning of "Specific Gravity"?Specific Gravity means specific value of an object undernormal temperature and pressure. Sponsored Links

Expanded PVC sheet plastic is the ideal material where durable construction materials are needed. respect to the website or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained on the website for any purpose. Density vs Specific Gravity - Tekra Over 12,000 ASTM standards operate globally, including tests specific to plastics, to help consumers have confidence that the products they purchase will perform as expected. 10XX,52,11XX,17,12XX,7,13XX,4,15XX,16,3XXX,2,40XX,10,41XX,12,43XX,5,44XX,4,46XX,5,47XX,3,48XX,3,5XXX,23,6XXX,3,71XX,1,8XXX,22,92XX,5,93XX,1,94XX,4,98XX,2,AISI,66,ASTM,172,Atomic-Mass,327,Atomic-Number,436,Atomic-Radius,86,Atomic-Symbol,329,Atomic-Volume,94,Austenitic,56,Boiling-Point,94,bp1,97,CBS,6,Chemical-Elements,100,Chemical-Symbol,217,CMDS,13,Coefficient-of-Thermal-Expansion,85,Covalent-Radius,87,Crystal-Structure,109,CS,17,CVS,3,Density,297,Duplex,6,el1,100,Elastic-Modulus,30,Electrical-Conductivity,79,Electro-Affinity,87,Electron-Configuration,109,Electronegativity,102,Electrons-per-Shell,111,Enthalpy-of-Fusion,93,Enthalpy-of-Vaporization,95,Ferritic,12,fp1,38,fs1,45,Group-Number,218,HCS,14,Heat-of-Fusion,87,Heat-of-Vaporization,85,HMCS,16,Ionic-Radius,78,Ionization-Energy,102,Ionization-Potential,101,l1,438,LCS,21,List,281,lp1,69,Martensitic,6,MCS,17,MDS,14,Melting-Point,96,mm1,2,mp1,99,MS,4,NCMDBS,6,NCMDS,31,NCS,2,NMDS,8,Oxidation-States,104,p1,44,Period-Number,107,pr1,53,Properties,40,RCLS,1,RCS,16,ref1,5,RRCLS,3,RRCS,4,SAE,201,Site,2,SMS,5,Specific-Gravity,83,Specific-Heat,92,Specific-Weight,1,SS,80,Tests,2,Thermal-Conductivity,105,tm1,274,Valence-Electrons,98,wt1,26, Materials: 2022: Specific Gravity of Plastic (& Formula, Definition, Infographic), 2022: Specific Gravity of Plastic (& Formula, Definition, Infographic), https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qPMKZ48g6Vg/XRPSAE54r4I/AAAAAAAAOsY/VpY75KLZ6O4JJdZeUM1jyrM_g0N8xDB3QCLcBGAs/s320/specific-gravity-of%2Bplastic.webp, https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qPMKZ48g6Vg/XRPSAE54r4I/AAAAAAAAOsY/VpY75KLZ6O4JJdZeUM1jyrM_g0N8xDB3QCLcBGAs/s72-c/specific-gravity-of%2Bplastic.webp, https://materials.gelsonluz.com/2019/07/specific-gravity-of-plastic-formula.html, Not found any post match with your request, STEP 2: Click the link on your social network, Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy, CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers. Strength of Materials S g = p s /p h20 S g = Specific Gravity of the Web most plastic baby bottles 5-gallon water bottles sport water bottles metal food can liners clear plastic sippy cups some clear plastic cutlery Mixed resin plastics like #7 are difficult, if not impossible, to recycle. In recent years, the use of these resins has been controversial: the basis of this controversy is their leaching that, occurring at high temperature, releasesbisphenol A, a compound that is on the list of potential environmental hazardous chemicals. It is 250 times stronger and just as clear as glass. This site requires JavaScript to function. 0000139528 00000 n WebThough some manufacturers use grams per cubic centimeter to indicate the weight of their products, others merely provide the specific gravity of their material. Specific Gravity (SG) is defined as the ratio of Web1 28768 DENSITY OF PLASTICS What is Density of plastic: The density of a substances is generally known as mass per unit volume. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. PVC 1.37-1.39 0000140352 00000 n Because its made with long unbranched polymer chains its much stronger and thicker than PET. 0000151915 00000 n Design & Manufacturability 0000164707 00000 n It is a very inexpensive resin per unit weight and easy to create, for these reasons it can be found everywhere: from beverage cups, insulation, packing materials to egg cartons and disposable dinnerware. Heat Transfer Beverage bottles are among the main plastic items that come for PET. Animals do not recognize it as artificial and may mistake it for food causing serious effects on the health of birds or marine animals that might swallow it. Engineering Book Store 0000018128 00000 n Density (Specific Gravity) - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Training Online Engineering. WebSpecific Gravity (SG) is defined as the ratio of density of the material to the density of water (1 g/cm3) at a specified temperature. Learn More, Formally confirming that your products and services meet all trusted external and internal standards. Specific Gravity These specialty materials have densities of up to 15 g/cc yet still have the moldability of plastics. +hSm)/BNy-G:ipb4m(5i9 18N 2Y9 E7q!#5qnc"w2T.Cz(k4l@Ar$.n(*piE1uh%UF?x]*t4\J4j1i,/7Mq$``'> Plastic Properties Tables | Plastics Technical Properties - Dotmar The best-known plastics of this group are polycarbonates(PC) used to build strong,toughproducts. 0000156682 00000 n PA-11 1.04 0000015222 00000 n Calculate Shot Size Vs. Barrel Capacity Guide to Plastic Weights - Find Out How Much Each Type Polyethylene 0000014816 00000 n Specific gravity and density are especially relevant because plastic is sold on a cost per pound basis and a lower density or specific 0000002356 00000 n Since the density of a fluid varies with temperature, specific gravities must be determined and specified at particular temperatures. How about an incentive to share this post? Polybutylene 0.60 used for pressurized water systems - sprinkler.. highly resistant to acids, bases and many solvents, resistant to a variety of acids and bases, may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons, usable for water, gas and drainage systems, similar to PVC - but designed for water up to, resistant to abrasion, acids, bases, solvents and much more. 0000148052 00000 n 0000173991 00000 n Join our movement of Global Change Agents to receive exclusive invitations and updates. Specific gravity, 0000005721 00000 n For PS the melt density is 0.945 g/cm 3 and for PP it is about 0.74 g/cm 3. "Density" has its own unit of measurement, 1 g/cm3 or 1 kg/m3, in contrast, specific gravity has no unit of measurement goes with it; nevertheless, although they don't have the same meaning, they have the same value because density of water is quite close to 1g/cm3. 0000042285 00000 n PA-66 1.13-1.15 0000004599 00000 n Polycarbonates are commonly used for eye protection in the creation of lenses for sunglasses, sport and safety goggles. Machine Design Apps As far as its disposal is concerned, HDPEis accepted at mostrecyclingcenters in the world, as it is one of the easiest plastic polymers torecycle. (You will help other colleagues find this blog). Helium gas has a density of 0.164g/liter It is 0.139 times as dense as air . 0000161897 00000 n POM 1.41-1.43 WebMaterial density g/cc 1 g/cc = material density = specific gravity Therefore, knowing the specific gravity and with the help of the handy conversion table on the shared drive one We don't save this data. 0000157774 00000 n The standard test method for the determination of density and specific gravity ?b0/7>41"FUm'V69mjqQn[pd@,XrKC^k $e-eI]abs6QCoq$Y+4Gb=.bsm?JBny!Q.h38'!xSi{C ,*+R9hHz In order to help you make better-informed decisions about the products that you buy, today we will go through the seven different types of plastic, how they differ, and their impact on the environment. Solids and Metals - Specific Gravities - Engineering ToolBox Specially designed for marine applications, antiskid HDPE sheeting offers superior durability with the additional benefit of a non-skid surface perfect for high-traffic marine surfaces. +74|=8/[ dcepJ@@ Q endstream endobj 8 0 obj<> endobj 10 0 obj<> endobj 11 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>> endobj 12 0 obj[278 750 474 750 750 750 750 238 750 750 750 750 278 750 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 750 750 750 556 750 750 750 750 750 750 611 750 722 750 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 750 750 750 750 722 778 667 750 722 667 611 750 667 944 750 667 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 611 556 750 556 333 611 750 278 750 750 278 750 611 611 611 750 389 556 333 611 556 750 556 556] endobj 13 0 obj<> endobj 14 0 obj<> endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj[/ICCBased 39 0 R] endobj 19 0 obj[278 750 355 750 750 750 750 191 333 333 389 750 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 750 750 584 750 556 750 667 667 722 722 667 611 750 722 278 750 667 556 833 722 778 667 750 722 667 611 722 667 944 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500] endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj[278 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 333 333 750 750 750 750 278 278 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 722 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 556 750 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 750 750 222 833 556 556 556 750 333 500 278 556 500 750 750 500] endobj 23 0 obj[250 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 500 500 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 667 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 722 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 444 500 444 500 444 778 778 778 278 778 778 278 778 500 500 778 778 333 389 278 778 500] endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<>stream WebSimply enter the density of the material in which your are interested, select the shape from the drop-down list, enter the dimensions, then hit the Calculate button. Thermoplastics - Physical Properties - Engineering ToolBox 0000004768 00000 n Materials and Specifications Physicists use 39.2 F (4 C) as the standard, but engineers ordinarily use 60 F. In the International System of Units (SI Units), the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3 at the standard temperature. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your ownrisk. For example, The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), approximately a 30% density reduction from PET to PP and an increased yield on pounds purchased.