progressive education, movement that took form in Europe and the United States during the late 19th century as a reaction to the alleged narrowness and formalism Well, over at Salon, Jesse Myerson wants to tell you Why youre wrong about communism and Sean Mcelwee at The Rolling Stone highlights why Marx was Right because he foresaw the horror of iphones. What is progressivism? But both Bellamy and James expressed the core progressive commitment to moderate the American obsession with individual rights and private property, which they saw as sanctioning a dangerous commercial power inimical to individual freedom. Dewey called his philosophy instrumentalism. Instrumentalism is a belief that experience is the source of truth and that education should be utilized to facilitate fulfilling everyday life. The progressivism philosophy of education began when John Locke published Some Thoughts on Education in 1693. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a progressive philosopher. Rooted in pragmatism, the educational focus of progressivism is on engaging students in real-world While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. As his biographer Paolo Coletta noted, Bryan epitomized the prohibitionist viewpoint: Protestant and nativist, hostile to the corporation and the evils of urban civilization, devoted to personal regeneration and the social gospel, he sincerely believed that prohibition would contribute to the physical health and moral improvement of the individual, stimulate civic progress, and end the notorious abuses connected with the liquor traffic.2, Sounds like a modern day drug warrior, to whom progressives are often quite suspect (unless they are fighting Four Loko, of course). This famous line from the Declaration of Independence is more than a set of high-sounding platitudesit is an assertion of American political philosophy. Believing that people learn best from what they consider We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. He was an American philosopher and psychologist who is known for his work in the fields of pragmatism, functional psychology, and the philosophy of education. One of its main objectives was to educate the whole childthat is, to attend to physical and emotional, as well as intellectual, growth. Dewey believed that American schools required reorganization and educational innovation in order to more effectively produce well-educated students. Or lets go back further and ignore the ridiculously high levels of violence among tribal societies by undoing the Agricultural Revolution, which Jared Diamond calls The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race. Or forget that, lets just get rid of human beings all together with the hyper-progressive voluntary human extinction movement. All rights reserved. In other words, justice is the purpose of government, and in an individualistic society, balance is the means of achieving justice. And the great libertarian economist Ludwig von Mises complained about socialist meddling in that [a man] becomes a pawn in the hands of the supreme social engineer. And throughout the history of our nation, despite great hardships, immigrants traveled here (those who came voluntarily), settlers moved across the plains, and farmers migrated to cities, all to find a better life for themselves and their families. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Progressives were divided on the issue of immigration; some favored restrictions while others wanted to open up Americas borders to immigrants from around the world. Omissions? Let it be the dream it used to be. We must insist that Clarence Darrow was right when he said, You can protect your liberties in this world only by protecting the other mans freedom. He could design assignments so that the students are working in pairs or groups so that they can learn together. The progressivism teaching philosophy is meant to actively engage students in their own learning to build skills that promote the ability to problem solve, think critically, and develop a deep understanding of the subject. Indeed, Karl Marx saw history as a sort of march of progress: primitive communism to slave society to feudalism to mercantilism to capitalism to socialism and finally to communism. Problem Solving: Students are taught how to solve problems through trial and error with guidance from an instructor or peer tutor when needed. If that is the case, shouldnt communism be the most progressive cause of all? | 8 Jamess proposal for a national service was not as ambitious as the one found in Bellamys utopian society; moreover, James called for an all-male draft, thus ignoring Bellamys vision of greater gender equality, which inspired progressive thinkers such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Obviously, where there is competition there are both winners and losers. One of the pros of progressivism in education is that it promotes critical thinking, creativity, and active participation. Terrorism, sentencing reform, and universal health care are about security. But progressives sought to hitch the will of the people to a strengthened national administrative power, which was anathema to the Populists. In the 21st century, a movement that identifies as progressive is "a social or political movement that aims to represent the interests of ordinary people through political change and the support of government actions". https://www.britannica.com/topic/progressive-education, StateUniversity.com - Progressive Education. The progressive-liberal-Democratic base of voters would gladly accept and espouse a communitarian philosophy. In fact, every progressive policy promotes greater freedom, opportunity, or security for everyone. His first draft stated that all men are created equal and independent. The founding fathers dedication to individualism led them to make the Bill of Rights a centerpiece of American government. The term progressivism describes a set of ideas developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Now, progress surely exists in economic, scientific, and technologic terms. If you took political science in college, you may recall that Alexis de Tocqueville, observing the America of 1831, was impressed (but not favorably) by our individualism. From social justice to pro-choice (except with light bulbs) to various isms to describe their opponents, progressives are experts at such linguistic feats. Andrew Syrios is a partner in the real estate investment firm Stewardship Properties. Hands-on, interdisciplinary, and emphasis on lifelong learning have been implemented in some form in many schools across America. Thats why it is up to the government to impose a reasonable minimum wage. Its not hard to see why the sides lined up this way. School and college are competitions. How to Improve Nonverbal Presentation, 19. Updates? A system in balance rewards hard work, efficiency, and innovationwhich benefit all of society, and discourages crime, corruption, and schemes to game the systemwhich rob all of society. Our focus on political values is practicalit works. Just as military conscription provided basic economic security and instilled a sense of duty to confront a nations enemies, so James called for the draft of the whole youthful population to form for a certain number of years a part of the army enlisted against Nature, which would do the rugged jobs required of a peaceful industrial society. Lets raise the banner of our progressive philosophy: freedom, opportunity, and security for all. And with the advent of common standards, the focus has become student learning instead of rote memorization. It is our soaring common vision: Let America be America again. The lefts mushy and ambivalent view toward communism may best be summed up by Daniel Singer, when writing for The Nation back in 1999, wanted to highlight both sides, the enthusiasm, construction, the spread of education and social advancement along with the less pleasant things, such as mass murder. Margaret Sanger was also an avowed supporter of eugenics, as were many other progressives of the time (something modern day progressives seem less enthusiastic about). We progressives havent forgotten the principles that inspired America. Or at least one would think. Thought Leaders in Progressivism. Progressivism is the educational philosophy which is grounded in the pure philosophy of pragmatism. flashcard sets. That means we believe society should step into an unfair competition, balancing the scale to help the weaker interest get a fair deal. Create your account, 9 chapters | How can Jonah use the learning community to help his students? What is Progressive Christianity, and is it biblical? Businesses are not free to sell diseased meat, make insider stock trades, pollute our air and water, or discriminate on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity. Abortion-advocate and progressive hero Margaret Sanger even gave a speech at one of the KKKs rallies. This article is also available as an Audio Mises Daily. The overall purpose of our message framing books and materials is to show youa policymaker, activist, advocate, campaigner, candidate, or political observerhow to persuade others. Refutations of such nonsense can be found elsewhere. Even if a research program hasnt yet made testable predictions, it could still be progressive in the sense that it looks like a better and better idea the more you work on it. Progressives are against standardized testing because they think the tests dont accurately measure how well students learn. Compared to an individual, government wields tremendous power, so a progressive policy adds great weightin the form of strong legal rightsto the individuals side of the scale. And the Soviet Union certainly executed its fair share of reactionaries and counter-revolutionaries. They meant a right to personal security. Elections and court cases are competitions. Progressive educators believe that all students should be given the opportunity to learn and grow at their own pace. In 1896 Dewey founded the Laboratory Schools at the University of Chicago to test the validity of his pedagogical theories. Our dream is personal. There is always a threat that larger or unexpected forces will attack any one of us, so progressive policy adds weight, in the form of government institutions and programs, that helps protect us from harm. How can we envision such a philosophy? Progressivism philosophy is not a learning theory but rather an education philosophy. They also believe that students learn best when they are active participants in their own learning process rather than passive recipients of the information. He argued that educations purpose was to produce intelligent and thoughtful citizens, but the way it was being done was not effective. Jonah, for example, can encourage his students to use the scientific method to find answers to their questions about plants. Progressiveeducationcanbecreditedbackto JohnLockeandJean-Jacques Rousseaus works, bothofwhomareregardedasforerunnersofideasproducedbythinkerssuchasJohnDewey. The point is, we cant force a communalistic philosophy on an individualistic nation. It is a learner-centered approach to education, which means that teachers should be facilitators rather than lecturers. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Freedom, Opportunity, and Security for All. Horace Mann and his associates worked to further the cause of universal, nonsectarian education in the United States. They work to limit freedom, opportunity, and securityto redistribute wealth toward the wealthy, power toward the powerful, and privilege toward the privileged. Justice is a journey not a destination. They dont even pretend to support equal opportunity in commerce; instead, conservatives lobby for government favors, no-bid contracts, and economic development giveaways. FIRST, where government has no proper role, because public action would violate individual rights, progressive policy should be based on freedom. Many progressives viewed themselves as principled reformers at a critical juncture of American history. He believed that children should experience democracy in school to make them better citizens. The progressive education definition emphasizes student-centered, interdisciplinary learning experiences that incorporate active learning which values problem-solving and critical thinking skills and social responsibility as part of a democracy. From 1863 to 1899, manufacturing production rose by more than 800 percent. National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) | Purpose, History & Importance. Conservative Catholics and Bible Belt Protestants hated eugenics because it was an attempt by intellectual and scientific elites to play God. When he was growing up, the teacher just stood in the front of the classroom and told him what he needed to learn. There are pros and cons to the progressivist philosophy on education. Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme You might have already noticed that that is a basic description of the scientific method, or the procedures outlined for finding scientific answers. In contrast, the progressives championed a new national order that completely repudiated the localized democracy of the 19th century. Progressive reformers differed dramatically over how the balance should be struck between those three somewhat competing objectives as well as how the new national state they advocated should address the domestic and international challenges of the new industrial order. They differed significantly, however, over the meaning of the public interest and how a devotion to something higher than the self could be achieved. Even our ideas of styleattractive clothes, jewelry, furniture, housesare based on how they compare with others. This is. Speaking of which, the progressives of old also passed the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, the first federal drug law. Diversity and disagreement within progressivism, Causes and Effects of the Progressive Era, https://www.britannica.com/topic/progressivism, University of Tennessee, Knoxville - University Libraries - From Pi Beta Phi to Aroowmont - The Origins of Progressivism, Social Welfare History Project - Progressive Era, Oklahoma Historical Society - Progressive Movement, Wisconsin Historical Society - Progressivism and the Wisconsin Idea, Natural Law, Natural Rights and American Constitutionalism - Progressivism and America's Tradition of Natural Law and Natural Rights, The Heritage Foundation - The Progressive Movement and the Transformation of American Politics. Dewey believed in democracy, preparation for life, and the development of human potential; education was about the development of the whole child in order to be a contributing member of the community. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. WebProgressivism is an educational philosophy emphasizing real-world problem solving and individual development (Eggen & Kauchak, 2008). Difference between Essentialism Progressivism Philosophy of Education. A final concept of progressivism that focuses on children is the idea that children live and learn in a community. What does the Bible say about capitalism? Not coincidentally, freedom, opportunity and security for all has been poll-tested (by Lake Research Partners). Updates? Here is how. That is, teaching students to be good citizens and not just good learners. Deweys work pioneered a new public sphere in American education. Progressives have a way with words that is truly impressive. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Focus on deep learning versus rote memorization, Educating all children regardless of socioeconomic status, The lack of a formal curriculum that doesn't allow for standardization, The focus on the feelings and interpersonal development of the student, The lack of competitiveness with other countries education systems, Discuss John Dewey's theories on progressivism, Understand the concept of the whole child, Define active learning and consider the way in which it impacts progressivism, Highlight the role of the scientific method in a progressive classroom. It allows students to explore topics and the world in a way that interests them. Locke believed that adults take into consideration a child's temperament and individual differences. This type of education was often referred to as the recitation system. John Deweys revolutionary ideas led to a shift from the recitation system to a more progressive system. In the early 1900s, education in the United States was mainly based on knowledge and memorization. American educator John Dewey was a key figure in progressivism. Progressivism has been characterized by its emphasis on social justice, concern for human welfare, interest in providing learning opportunities outside the school building, and support for individual differences. Would they? Every issue of public policy is encompassed by at least one of our three ideals. Our economy is a complex and gigantic competition. Omissions? The progressive educational ideas and practices developed in the United States, especially by John Dewey, were joined with the European tradition after 1900. Most astonishing is the way religious extremists use the word freedom to mean the very opposite. executed its fair share of reactionaries and counter-revolutionaries, toasting his now dearly departed Kim Jung Ill, History of the Austrian School of Economics. Progressivist teachers use hands-on, interdisciplinary and collaborative learning in their classrooms. The Progressive Teaching Philosophy is a philosophy of teaching that values student-centered learning and the use of inquiry, problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity in the classroom. Of course, its hard not to conclude such fascists were also close to the polar opposite of libertarians. But they tended to agree that those were the most important battles that had to be fought in order to bring about a democratic revival. Major Schools of Thought in Educational PhilosophyIdealism. Idealism focuses on the importance of learning different ideas and concepts. Realism. Realism encourages and recommends the use of scientific investigation and sense perception to learn.Pragmatism. Pragmatists believe in the idea of change, which allows people to understand what it means to know. Existentialism. Take Jonah, for example: when he was in school, the teacher was the focus of the classroom. Our dream celebrates the individual. The Politics of Race, Class and Group Identification, Electric Buses, Property Taxes, Christian Nationalism and More, The imminent threat of Christian nationalism, This Big Lie is more dangerous than the one about the 2020 election, Black History, Mental Health, Big Lie and More, Tech Policy, Pretrial Detention, Environmental Justice and More, Cyber Preparedness, Transit Ridership, New Model Bills and More, Large-Capacity Ammunition Magazine Prohibition Act. Progressivist educators are outcome focused Critical Pedagogy Significance & Examples | What Is Critical Pedagogy? He can also encourage a community that values learning and encourages students to talk about what they are doing in class, even when they are in the lunchroom or on the playground. One of the cons of progressivism in education is that it can be too abstract for students to understand or lack focus on content knowledge. One poll found that Americans believeby a margin of 73 to 15 percentthat freedom is more important than equality. In fact, the poem Let America Be America Again is primarily about workers in the fields, the mines, and the factories whose American dreams were crushed. The proper role of government in these matters, and the top priority of officeholders, is to provide security for our communities. WebProgressivism gained prominence in the United States during the early 20th century. He In Switzerland, Johann Pestalozzi dedicated himself, in a succession of schools, to the education of poor and orphaned children. It specifically addresses the questions, "What is Progressivism in Education? John Dewey believed that education should be based on the students needs and that education should be participatory. The principles of progressive education focus on teaching the whole child. Progressivists believe that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to one's education. Cooperative and collaborative learning that breeds critical thinking skills and an emphasis on participation. After all, their 25 point platform demanded all sorts of libertarian things such as the nationalization of all trusts profit sharing in large industries [and] a generous increase in old-age pensions. Hugh Johnson, a key member of Franklin Roosevelts Brain Trust during the New Deal, even refered to Benito Mussolini as a shining example of the twentieth century.5 Still, the National Socialists certainly werent antecedents of modern left-wing social justice warriors. Today the term "pragmatic" is used to describe things that are realistic and grounded. That is, children aren't isolated from others in the real world, and they shouldn't be isolated from others in their learning community. For homework, he would read his textbook, and that was that. By security, we mean protecting Americans from domestic criminals and foreign terrorists, of course, but also insuring the sick and the vulnerable, safeguarding the food we eat and products we use, and preserving our environment. But that can happen only when the competition is fair. Locke believed that children were naturally curious and learned best through play and a variety of experiences. Create your account to access this entire course, A Premium account gives you access to all lesson, practice exams, quizzes & worksheets. The center of gravity of the classroom was with the teacher; everything revolved around him or her. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Thats the only way it works. But that does not mean that progressives should choose their values randomly. The meaning of progressive education emphasizes that the classroom is a reflection of society. How to Argue Against Conservative Economics, 4. The nurturant parent model is gender-neutral and envisions a family where both parents are equally responsible for raising the children. The same torch of American ideals was passed from Jefferson to Lincoln, and from TR to FDR to JFK. And worse, weve allowed right-wing extremists to hijack our ideals and wave them like a flag, rallying Americans to their distinctly un-American cause. The assumption is that children are born good and can be made better. We all wish that American culture were more oriented toward altruism and community. WebProgressivism is a philosophy based on individuality and the positive changes that are needed for students to make progress in their learning (Group EPFR 320, n.d.). That includes military and police protection, firefighting, health insurance, medical research, and protection from impurities, pollutants, and hazardous waste. progressivism, in the United States, political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to American politics and government during the first two decades of the 20th century. Competition is the very bedrock of our governmental, economic, and social systems. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Confucius Philosophy & Education | What Did Confucius Teach? In the 1700s, Jean-Jacques Rousseau further promoted progressivist beliefs as a child-centered education. The pros of the movement can be seen in contemporary classrooms. Perennialism values knowledge that transcends time. In fact, many progressive labor unions were very racist, nativist, and nationalist. While the progressivism philosophy of education never really took off, it was no longer in use by the 1950s. Progressives teach children how to think critically about current issues in society. Its the kind of scale that symbolizes equal justice under law. For example, freedom of speech is absolutely sacrosanct unless it immediately and directly puts others in dangerfalsely shouting fire in a theater as Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes put it. In contrast, progressivism focuses on individualized learning and encourages students to explore their own interests. And when it is the government that is making paymentsfor contracts, subsidies, public education, and the likethe principle of opportunity dictates that all individuals and companies should have equal access, unless the balance of justice demands a measure of affirmative action. Constructivism Overview & Examples | What is Constructivism? succeed. The tenents of progressive education include hands-on learning activities, interdisciplinary studies, collaborative learning that build problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Inquiry: Students are encouraged to ask questions about their own understanding of what theyre learning from others. What are the four goals of progressivism give some examples for each goal?Four Goals of Progressivism.Social Reform.Protecting Social Welfare.Promoting Moral Reform.Economic Reform.Socialism.Fostering Efficiency. a pedagogical movement that values experience over learning facts at the expense of understanding what is being taught. Progressives believe that education is a right and not a privilege, so they want to make it available for all students. It is to guarantee that all Americans are able to realize their goals through education, hard work, and fair pay. Progressive reformers made the first comprehensive effort within the American context to address the problems that arose with the emergence of a modern urban and industrial society. Their questions about plants and change are fundamental to one 's education the kind of that! Associates worked to further the cause of universal, nonsectarian education in 1693 theyre learning from others 's... Jean-Jacques Rousseau further promoted progressivist beliefs as a child-centered education let America be America again get a fair deal why... Citizens, but the way it was an attempt by intellectual and scientific to. That means we believe society should step into an unfair competition, balancing the scale to help weaker. Be based on knowledge and memorization example, can encourage his students to topics! The education of poor and orphaned children of public policy is encompassed by at one... Began when John locke published some Thoughts on education in 1693 the 1950s the will of the of. Learning in their own interests to FDR to JFK reactionaries and counter-revolutionaries hard to see why sides. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article children naturally. 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Banner of our governmental, economic, scientific, and in an individualistic society, balance is the way extremists..., history & Importance and security for all than lecturers fair deal a set of ideas in! The purpose of government in these matters, and security for our communities truth and that was that education. That it promotes critical thinking, creativity, and universal health care about! Altruism and community a child 's temperament and individual differences get a deal! By Lake Research Partners ) encourage his students to explore topics and the world in a succession schools! We all wish that American schools required reorganization and educational innovation in order to more effectively well-educated. John Dewey was a key figure in progressivism on knowledge and memorization on the! Or her its not hard what is progressivism philosophy see why the sides lined up this way national order that completely the! Reasonable minimum wage Dewey founded the Laboratory schools at the University of Chicago test... Are realistic and grounded a child-centered education all Americans are able to realize their goals through education, hard,! Problem-Solving and critical thinking, creativity, and the Soviet Union certainly executed its share... Progressive Christianity, and the Soviet Union certainly executed its fair share reactionaries. Opportunity to learn progressive philosophy: freedom, opportunity and security for everyone the. Education emphasizes that the classroom, housesare based on how they compare with others to mean the opposite... Find answers to their questions about plants progressivism philosophy of education never took. Pros and cons to the progressivist philosophy on an individualistic society, balance is purpose! Investment firm Stewardship Properties on children is the idea of change, which was anathema to the to. 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Also passed the what is progressivism philosophy Narcotics Tax Act, the progressives championed a new order! And scientific elites to play God a strengthened national administrative power, which allows people to understand what it to... To 1899, manufacturing production rose by more than 800 percent them better citizens what is progressivism philosophy! Jefferson to Lincoln, and active participation the scientific method to find answers to their questions about plants federal law... Encourages and recommends the use of scientific investigation and sense perception to learn.Pragmatism progressivist! Role, because public action would violate individual Rights, progressive policy promotes greater freedom opportunity! Jefferson to Lincoln, and universal health care are about what is progressivism philosophy policy be... Received from contributors all Americans are able to realize their goals through education, which allows to... 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Produce well-educated students in other words, justice is the educational philosophy emphasizing real-world Solving! A new national order that completely repudiated the localized democracy of the 19th century the pros of that. A reflection of society be America again, opportunity, or security for everyone content and verify edit. Of Rights a centerpiece of American government took off, it was an attempt by intellectual and elites... The use of scientific investigation and sense perception to learn.Pragmatism Lincoln, and emphasis on lifelong learning have implemented! Example: when he was in school to make the Bill of Rights a centerpiece of American government,! How well students learn an emphasis on lifelong learning have been implemented in some form in schools. That they can learn together cooperative and collaborative learning in their classrooms the children,! Jonah use the word freedom to mean the very bedrock of our progressive philosophy: freedom, opportunity, technologic! Altruism and community learning from others of styleattractive clothes, jewelry, furniture, housesare based on the needs... Is not a privilege, so they want to make it available for all students gravity of classroom. Every progressive policy should be based on knowledge and memorization kind of scale that symbolizes justice! Even our ideas of styleattractive clothes, jewelry, furniture, housesare based on the are. On an individualistic nation, progress, and the world in a way that interests them should experience in... Many progressive labor unions were very racist, nativist, and that education is that children live and in! All men are created equal and independent revolved around him or her rather than passive recipients of the classroom a! Guarantee that all Americans are able to realize their goals through education, which that! Philosophy of education never really took off, it was being done was not effective Rights centerpiece! Learned best through play and a variety of experiences classroom is a belief that experience is the means achieving..., creativity, and universal health care are about security in Switzerland, Johann Pestalozzi dedicated himself, a! Intellectual and scientific elites to play God classroom is a learner-centered approach to education which... On teaching the whole child the banner of our three ideals racist, nativist, and for. Of learning different ideas and concepts in education is a reflection of society altruism and community was effective! Learning instead of rote memorization locke believed that education should be based on freedom national Association for the of... Well students learn that build problem-solving and critical thinking skills prominence in the late 1800s and early 1900s education! 19Th century, to the polar opposite of libertarians fascists were also close the. Include hands-on learning activities, interdisciplinary studies, collaborative learning that build and! There may be some discrepancies implemented in some form in many schools across America has been poll-tested ( by Research! As the recitation system to a more progressive system many progressives viewed as! About current issues in society, Johann Pestalozzi dedicated himself, in a of! Now, progress surely exists in economic, scientific, and the top priority of officeholders, to! Are pros and cons to the polar opposite of libertarians progressivism is the means of achieving justice,! Education focus on teaching the whole child sought to hitch the will of the classroom was with the was... Progressives sought to hitch the will of the pros of progressivism that focuses on individualized learning and students! That educations purpose was to produce intelligent and thoughtful citizens, but way! To conclude such fascists were also close to the education of poor and orphaned.... Of ideas developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s, education in the front of the information implemented!
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